Evaluation of humoral immunity and protective efficacy of biofilm producing Staphylococcus aureus bacterin-toxoid prepared from a bovine mastitis isolate in rabbit

Mastitis is a one of the major diseases of dairy animals. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common microorganism associated with this dairy scourge. Cure rates of mastitis associated with this pathogen are appallingly low. Biofilm is an important virulence factor and immunogenic structure of S. aureus that makes it resistant to phagocytosis and antibiotics. Reports on the efficacy of vaccine prepared from a biofilm producing S. aureus are infrequent. The present study was designed to evaluate the role of a bacterin-toxoid prepared from a strong biofilm producing S. aureus in effective immunization of rabbits. The strong biofilm producing S. aureus selected from 64 isolates of staphylococci was used to prepare bacterin-toxoid and aluminum hydroxide gel was added as an adjuvant. The vaccine was evaluated in rabbits by challenge protection assay and humoral immune response. The mortality rates in control and vaccinated groups were 80% and 10% at day 7 post challenge and 100% and 20% at day 15 post challenge, respectively. Serum antibody titer [GMT] was significantly higher [294.0] in vaccinated group as compared to control group of rabbits [2.63] at day 45. The results showed that the vaccine has significantly elicited humoral immune response in rabbit and developed protective efficacy against new infections

[Shear bond strength of two self-etch adhesives to permanent and deciduous dental enamels: effect of acid preconditioning]

There are some studies that strongly recommend acid-conditioning before applying the self-etch adhesives. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the shear bond strength [SBS] of two self-etch adhesives to the enamel of primary and permanent teeth with acid preconditioning. The buccal surfaces of 48 permanent molars and 48 primary molar teeth were prepared for bonding of the adhesives to the enamel. Then the samples were randomly divided into eight groups, each containing 12. According to the manufacturers' instructions, Clearfil SE Bond [CSEB] and ACE All Bond SE [ABSE] self-etch adhesives were applied on the enamel and the etched enamel of both permanent and primary teeth and bonded with composite resin. After 24 hours of storage in 37°C and 500 rounds of thermocycling, the specimens were tested in a shear at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. The results were statistically analysed using SPSS 11.5 with Kruskal-Wallis and t-test at a significance level of 0.05. The mean +/- SD in permanent enamels using CSEB and ABSE were 16.10 +/- 7.6 and 8.49 +/- 2.34 Mpa, respectively. The same data for the deciduous enamels were 16.08 +/- 3.91 and 9.23 +/- 3.20 Mpa, respectively. After acid etching, SBS for permanent enamel using CSEB and ABSE were 32.05 +/- 7.13 and 31.39 +/- 6.51 Mpa, respectively. The same data for deciduous enamels were 24.73 +/- 10.74 and 21.70 +/- 6.18 Mpa, respectively. The bond strength of CSEB was significantly higher than ABSE adhesive in both primary and permanent teeth. In addition, acid etching leads to increase in the enamel bond strength of both studied adhesives

Diagnostic Performance of High-Sensitivity Troponin T, Myeloperoxidase, and Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A Assays for Triage of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction / 대한진단검사의학회지

BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis is the cornerstone of management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-cTnT) with myeloperoxidase (MPO) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) for early diagnosis of AMI in patients at the time of presentation to the emergency department (ED). METHODS: We enrolled 289 patients who presented at the ED of the National Institute of Heart Disease (NIHD) Rawalpindi, Pakistan, within 4 hr of onset of chest pain. Clinical assessment, electrocardiography (ECG), and angiography were carried out. Blood samples were collected at 0, 3, 6, and 12 hr. Analyses of plasma hs-cTnT, MPO, and PAPP-A were carried out using commercial kits. RESULTS: Out of 289 subjects who presented to the ED, we diagnosed 180 patients with coronary heart disease as having AMI (N=61) and 119 as without AMI (stable coronary artery disease, N=61; unstable angina, N=58). Compared to non-AMI patients, the patients with AMI had significantly higher levels (represented here as median [inter quartile range]) of plasma hs-cTnT (136 [39-370] vs. 12 [7-21] ng/L), MPO (906 [564-1,631] vs. 786 [351-1,299] pmol/L) and PAPP-A (5.78 [2.67-13.4] vs. 2.8 [1.8-4.9] mIU/L). Receiver operator characteristic curves (95% CI) for hs-cTnT (0.952 [0.909-0.978]) were significantly higher (P<0.001) than those for MPO (0.886 [0.830-0.929]) and PAPP-A (0.797 [0.730-0.854]), with AMI sensitivity and specificity percentages of 87% and 98% (hs-cTnT), 82% and 84% (MPO), and 65% and 87% (PAPP-A), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic performance of hs-cTnT was superior to that of MPO and PAPP-A for early triage and diagnosis of AMI among patients of coronary heart disease presenting with chest pain to the ED.

Diagnostic Performance of High-Sensitivity Troponin T, Myeloperoxidase, and Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A Assays for Triage of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction / 대한진단검사의학회지

BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis is the cornerstone of management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-cTnT) with myeloperoxidase (MPO) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) for early diagnosis of AMI in patients at the time of presentation to the emergency department (ED). METHODS: We enrolled 289 patients who presented at the ED of the National Institute of Heart Disease (NIHD) Rawalpindi, Pakistan, within 4 hr of onset of chest pain. Clinical assessment, electrocardiography (ECG), and angiography were carried out. Blood samples were collected at 0, 3, 6, and 12 hr. Analyses of plasma hs-cTnT, MPO, and PAPP-A were carried out using commercial kits. RESULTS: Out of 289 subjects who presented to the ED, we diagnosed 180 patients with coronary heart disease as having AMI (N=61) and 119 as without AMI (stable coronary artery disease, N=61; unstable angina, N=58). Compared to non-AMI patients, the patients with AMI had significantly higher levels (represented here as median [inter quartile range]) of plasma hs-cTnT (136 [39-370] vs. 12 [7-21] ng/L), MPO (906 [564-1,631] vs. 786 [351-1,299] pmol/L) and PAPP-A (5.78 [2.67-13.4] vs. 2.8 [1.8-4.9] mIU/L). Receiver operator characteristic curves (95% CI) for hs-cTnT (0.952 [0.909-0.978]) were significantly higher (P<0.001) than those for MPO (0.886 [0.830-0.929]) and PAPP-A (0.797 [0.730-0.854]), with AMI sensitivity and specificity percentages of 87% and 98% (hs-cTnT), 82% and 84% (MPO), and 65% and 87% (PAPP-A), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic performance of hs-cTnT was superior to that of MPO and PAPP-A for early triage and diagnosis of AMI among patients of coronary heart disease presenting with chest pain to the ED.

[Shear bond strength of two self-etch adhesives to permanent and deciduous dentin: Effect of acid preconditioning]

Statement of Problems: Enamel preconditioning using phosphoric acid has been recommended prior to applying self-etch adhesives. Meanwhile, there is the possibility for etching of the dentin

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength [SBS] of two self-etch adhesives to the dentin of the primary and permanent teeth in case of phosphoric acid preconditioning

Methods and Materials: In this experimental study, the buccal surfaces of 48 permanent molars and 48 primary molar teeth were prepared for bonding of two self-etch adhesives including Clearfil SE Bond [CSEB] and ACE All Bond SE [ABSE], to the dentin. Each of the permanent and primary teeth was randomly divided into 4 groups [n=12]. According to the manufacturers' instructions, CSEB and ABSE were applied on the dentin or etched dentin of both permanent and primary teeth, then, they were bonded with composite resin. The specimens were stored in water at 37[degree sign]c for 24 hours and then were thermocycled for 500 cycles. SBS was performed at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min using DARTEC universal machine. The results were statistically analyzed in SPSS 11.5 using Kruskal- Wallis and T-Test

Results: The bond strength of CSEB was significantly higher than ABSE adhesive in both primary and permanent teeth [p =0.001]. Acid preconditioning significantly increased the dentin bond strengths of ABSE adhesive in the primary and permanent dentin [p =0.001], and CSEB adhesive in primary dentin

Conclusion: Bond strength of the studied adhesives was significantly different. While acid phosphoric preconditioning improved the bond strength of the both adhesives in primary teeth, it did not influence the bond strength of the studied two-step self-etch adhesive in the permanent dentin

Epidemiology of herpes human virus 6 and epstein-bar virus infections in salivary gland neoplasms in Isfahan, Iran

Viral infections were reported to be the cause of some human malignancies. The exclusive presence of EBV [Epstein-Bar virus] and HHV6 [Herpes Human Virus 6] has been investigated in previous studies. As such comparisons had never been carried out on salivary gland neoplasms, this study aimed to determine any relationship between these two viruses in salivary gland neoplasms. Seventy eight formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue samples of salivary gland tumors were enrolled. The enrolled patients were those who referred to the Department of Oral Pathology of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and to the state hospitals and private clinics in Isfahan, Iran from May 1995 to July 2005. The paraffin blocks were investigated for presence of HHV6 and EBV genomes by PCR. Out of the 78 samples, 15 were positive for both EBV and HHV6 infections while 6 were only positive for EBV, 21 were HHV6 positive but negative for EBV and 36 samples were reported negative for both viruses. A relationship was visible between EBV and HHV6 genomes. The significant relationship between HHV6 and EBV genomes and salivary gland neoplasms denotes to the question that should be answered in the light of further research whether HHV6 infection in salivary gland tumors can increase the incidence of EBV infection